The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising inflammation-stimulated mesenchymal stem cells for prevention or treatment of immune diseases or inflammatory diseases, and a method for preparing mesenchymal stem cells for prevention or treatment of immune diseases or inflammatory diseases. Having the effect of secreting acetylcholine, the inflammation-stimulated mesenchymal stem cells of the present invention can substitute for preexisting immunosuppressants and inflammation suppressants known for side effects and can serve as an economically available cell therapy product, finding useful applications in the prevention and treatment of immune diseases and inflammation diseases.